1. 去掉,揭掉：Peacekeeping维护和平的, | Strip away去掉,揭掉 | At all cost不计任何代价的,无论如何
2. 剥去,抹去,除去：watershed 分水岭 | lawsuit 诉讼 | strip away 剥去,抹去,除去
1. HGH makes it easier for athletes to strip away fat and replace it with muscle by boosting the body's natural supplies.
2. So on the face of it an elegant solution to the problem of lying would be to strip away anonymity.
3. You cut it open and strip away any unnecessary buds, then shape the bud leaves and clean the stalk.