1. 苦因
1. 愤怒之言的确是苦因，换来的只是痛击。
Indeed, angry speech hurts, and retaliation may overtake you.
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2. 五蕴真正是苦谛，是苦因的果，苦因是渴爱，如第二圣谛，集圣谛所述。
That cause is craving, as stated in the Second Noble Truth, the truth of the cause of suffering.
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3. 轮回本身不是问题，而是执取和无明造作轮回的苦因。
Samsara is not the problem, the attachment to them and lack of wisdom is.
4. 苦因的解释
4. 为了避免有关“我”与“他”的问题内部隐含的苦，他提出另一种解析经验的方式：有关苦、苦因、灭苦、灭苦之道的四圣谛。
To avoid the suffering implicit in questions of " self " and " other, " he offered an alternative way of dividing up experience: the four noble truths of stress, its cause, its cessation, and the path to its cessation.
5. 为了避免有关“我”与“他”的问题内部隐含的苦，他提出另一种解析经验的方式：有关苦、苦因、灭苦、灭苦之道的四圣谛。
To avoid the suffering implicit in questions of " self " and " other," he offered an alternative way of dividing up experience: the four noble truths of stress, its cause, its cessation, and the path to its cessation.