1. 将巨什么意思
1. (1) 将巨噬细胞RAW264.7分为空白对照组，SiO_2刺激组，Egr-1抗体+SiO2组，NF-κB抗体+SiO2组，IgG+SiO2组，后三组分别用Egr-1与NF-kappa B抗体及IgG与细胞预孵育，以阻断细胞内固有的Egr-1与NF-kappa B，二氧化硅刺激时再加入上述相应抗体作用1小时；(2)将巨噬细胞RAW264.7分为空白对照组，SiO_2刺激组，正义Egr-1+SiO_2组，反义Egr-1+SiO_2组，正义NF-κB+SiO_2组，反义NF-κB+SiO_2组和脂质体+SiO_2组，用脂质体包裹Egr-1与NF-kappa B的反义与正义寡核苷酸导入细胞，再加二氧化硅作用1小时；(3)用ELISA检测细胞上清液中TNF-α的含量；免疫细胞化学检测细胞中TGF-β1的表达；RT-PCR检测TNF-α和TGF-β1mRNA的表达。
Methods(1) RAW264.7 cells were divided into blank control group, silica stimulation group, egr-1 antibody + Si 62 group, NF- K B antibody + SiO2 group and IgG+ SiO2 group, and pretreated with Egr-1 and NF- K B antibody respectively to block their intrinsic effects, then stimulated with silica and added egr-1 and NF- K. B antibodies respectively for one hour; (2) RAW264.7 cells were divided into blank control group, silica stimulation group, sense egr-1 +SiO2 group, antisense egr-1 + SiO2 group, sense NF- K B + SiO2 group, antisense NF- K B + SiO2 group and lipofectin + SiO2 group, and transiently transfected with Egr-1 and NF- K B oligonucleotides respectively, then were treated with silica for one hour; (3) TNF-α protein level in cell supernatants was measured using enzyme-linked immuoadsorbent assay, and TGF-β1 protein expression was detected by immunocytochemistry.
2. 而发达国家采用积极的应对巨灾的措施，通过保险、再保险、发行巨灾债券等措施建立灾前融资机制，将巨灾风险转移到保险市场和资本市场。
The developed countries, on the contrary, manage the catastrophic risks actively, using insurance, reinsurance and capital market instruments to transfer and finance the catastrophic risks, that is, ex ante risk financing.
3. 因此，借鉴国际成功经验，进行金融创新，将巨灾风险向资本市场分散势在必行。
Therefore, it is imperative to learn successful experience from international peers and engage in financial innovations to transfer catastrophe risks to capital markets.